Aviation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Avionics - Case Study Example The vast majority maintain a strategic distance from the air terminal on the off chance that they have pressing business. The explanation behind these deferrals has been accused on the limit of the air terminal visa compete the developing interest. Conceivable income has been lost by the air terminal because of the postponement. The issue has been distinguished and, consequently, measures to check the issue ought to be created. The air terminal has an expected market and, in this manner, speculation for overhauling of the terminal and ground get to (runway) will be recovered quicker. Development of the terminal will upgrade the speed of security check and different administrations essential for the traveler. Ground get to give the opportunity for planes to land and take-off, and this postpones plane from landing and withdrawing, additional runways ought to be developed for take-off and setting down off planes. On the off chance that the two components are considered ALICE Spring Airport will be increasingly proficient and more travelers will be attracted into the air terminal. Travelers are consistently time cognizant and will pick an air terminal where procedures will be

School Murder Essays - School, , Term Papers

School Murder It is 7:30 on a typical Tuesday morning at Westside Elementary School. The transports have started to maneuver into the kid emptying dock and have emptied the understudies. As the transports pull off, the understudies started to make a beeline for their study hall to pause for the day to start. As the day advances, the understudies prepared themselves for mid-day break. As the instructor's guide opens the entryway for the understudies to leave, she sees four understudies wearing long knee length coats, swagger energetically towards the cafeteria. She gives it little consideration and sits tight for lunch chime to sound. Not long after the ringer sounds, the understudies jump out the entryway and course toward the cafeteria. In the cafeteria there is a phase like stage that stuck out like a rack for about 33% of the room. That is the place all the problematic, or the children that were on quiet lunch, needed to sit. Around five minutes until the chime for lunch to be over ringed, four understudies came into the lounge. The understudies started to yell brutally and shout for the understudies to lie on the floor of the cafeteria. At the point when the understudies wouldn't coordinate, the four young men reach under their jackets to pull out .09mm guns. The educators in the lounge attempt to contain the young men and settle them down, however the young men open fire on them. As the grown-ups fall on the floor, the cafeteria was in a state of chaos with terrified, shouting kids. With this the little fellows open fire into the horde of understudies. In spite of the fact that this situation is only a fantasy of this present essayist's creative mind, we as a whole have been exposed to comparative scenes on ongoing T.V. broadcast. Chabert 2 This sort of horrendous occasion has become a typical component in the present news. What has changed such a great amount in our condition that would have a kid to crush another youngster? The future's endurance relies upon the presence of the present youth to endure. The general public of today needs to overwhelm over the eroded personalities of the difficulty youth. It is the ideal opportunity for citizenry to open their eyes and assume responsibility for the debased youth. The general population ought to know of the preventive allots against viciousness through the educational system. One successful preventive measure towards security in the educational system is to set up metal indicators all through the school. Numerous schools of the nineteen nineties have been outfitted with metal indicators because of the most recent increment in school savagery. These identifiers are put in the passageway of the school or might be held by a school asset official or school staff part. Metal identifiers are used to keep understudies from bringing metal items, for example, blades, weapons and other possible weapons into the learning air of the school. 8.3% of secondary school understudies convey a weapon to class today, which is down from 26% in 1996(CDC 2). Metal locators assists with setting up a genuinely necessary feeling of security and permits understudies to focus on their homework. Numerous understudies accept that these metal identifiers will avoid would be violators of the school's arrangement, that weapons of any sort or nature would not be allowed on the school premises. School workforce and staff have revealed that they feel more secure furthermore, more quiet with the understudies, when metal identifiers are being used. In spite of the fact that metal finders are a positive development, only they are not by any means the only answer. All together for the full impact of the locators to be accomplished, there must be a type of security watchman or screen set up to execute them. Police and full time security Chabert 3 watchmen have played a significant and fundamental job in training for a long time. The degree of policing was constrained in the past as contrasted with today in any case. Police are appearing in rural and little town schools(Robinson 2). The nearness of police help to deflect understudies from abusing school approaches. A strategy, for example, no battling, may incorporate discipline, for example, a multi day suspension for first time guilty parties (Robinson 4). Police adequacy is enormously because of the way that individuals in uniform keep up a further extent of power and regard than somebody wearing customary road garments. Police alone are nevertheless a little level of the general viability and achievement of the school security (Greene 3A). Another level of the achievement rate is because of the advisor understudy relationship. School instructors are a piece of the educational system and have been for quite a while. Until a couple of years prior, they were recruited

Great Corn Laws Debate

Given their various wars with France, Protectionists likewise contended that Great Britain had some open obligation that would require o be reimbursed and this would be done fundamentally through burdening the homestead land. Since the landowners expenses would be going up the balanced out item costs were thought to help balance their expanded tax assessment. The last contention and generally significant as indicated by the protectionists is as to national security. On the off chance that there was no Corn Law, at that point Great Britain may get reliant on outsiders or adversaries for their food supplies in the occasion they can't deliver enough for their own demand.The protectionists caution that exchanging accomplices can cut off gracefully at some random time and it is important to be autonomous with regards to the food flexibly. The organized commerce swarm had a contrasting assessment from the protectionists. Spoken to for the most part by the assembling proprietors and in the long run the workers, they contended that fake corn costs drove up costs wherever else In the economy. Bread cost more to purchase and food was the principle cost of the work class. Alongside food rising so did the work costs across different parts, for example, fabricating which In turn made them progressively costly contrasted with their opposition In other countries.The unhindered commerce swarm additionally noticed that secured rural value laws were driving p interest for the land which regularly wouldn't be utilized In agrarian creation. This Is viewed as a serious drawback since It would accept away assembling open doors which may help Great Britain comprehensively. Extraordinary Britain officials yield there will be reliance on remote nations for a food gracefully and the unhindered commerce swarm calls attention to the reality Great Britain Is squandering assets on creating business land for farming.The organized commerce swarm likewise makes the contention that national sec urity would not be In Jeopardy since exchange accomplices would be subject to the made merchandise Great Brutal supplies and that noisy give them influence to stay practical exchanging accomplices. Given the contentions above It Is entirely evident that Robert Peel had a critical choice to make. On one hand, Britain was the world's driving monetary force and had accomplished this by being a protectionist's economy and yet these polices were hurting the work class through more extravagant products, higher leases alongside lower or no wages.Something must be done to invert this and there was developing resistance to the Corn Laws constantly. A political activity bunch called the â€Å"League† was shaped and upheld the unhindered commerce plan alongside turning into a voice for he work class. Through the League, increasingly more force had the option to move away from the landowners and Into the assembling proprietors alongside the workers. The League required help from the work class and they essentially won them rising weight from the residents. By revoking these Corn-Laws numerous in force may have considered Peel to be a radical for doing this yet will in the long run come around and acclaim him.I didn't perceive any notice of Peel being a farmland or assembling proprietor so he actually had no shrouded plan other than do what was best for Britain. By taking an interest in organized commerce rather than protectionism, Britain could reallocate sources adequately as referenced by Adam Smith's statement of â€Å"if an outside nation can flexibly us with an item less expensive than we ourselves can make it, better pay it off them with some piece of the produce of our own industry, utilized in a way which we have some advantage†. The Adam Smith statement to me essentially tells the story.Since Britain is seen emphatically as a producer then it is increasingly reasonable to be known for assembling and not for securing grain exchange. Through facilitat ed commerce, Britain ought to have the option to procure the extra nourishment for the residents by bringing in from exchanging accomplices. There are suggestions for these activities however at long last the market consistently appears to win. Momentary ramifications for Peels choices could leave the agrarian business itself in stun at first given they are presently contending all around and there won't be a fixed cost for commodities.This would cut down food costs for the residents however may likewise make a portion of the homesteads cut Positions due to ensured crop costs that are fundamentally higher than the US costs in the indeces. The cultivating business in this timeframe more than likely appeared as though the 2008 money related emergency in the lodging market temporarily. Lease for farmland couldn't be paid in light of yield gracefully and request being wild because of Mother Nature yet the evaluating structures for lease and harvest valuing didn't generally represent thi s.This momentary cultivating melancholy may have spread into different segments at first however after some time I see the business sectors coming in to adjust things. When the legislature is off the beaten path as far as directing the market, the imperceptible hand can work. Long haul, land that isn't appropriate for cultivating is presently utilized for assembling in Britain which thusly prompts more Jobs being made. Rivalry for rural items cuts down food costs for the work swarm which at that point returns cash to the economy.Long expression patterns would likewise show exchanging associations create across partnered nations gave they work out proper exchange game plans and exchange with one another dependent on their own near qualities. I would likewise note in the long haul, more force is moved between the landowners to the work class giving them a voice over the long haul. Some portion of this entire discussion in my eyes descends too power snatch. Give penance point, protecti onism appeared well and good for Britain yet later on it Just ere out of control.The producers in the end observed the light and prideful on protectionism however the rural segment didn't. The force appeared to dazzle the landowners and cover what was happening. Costs in all cases were ascending on everything aside from the horticultural items and the workers were getting worn out. The workers in the long run got a voice by Joining powers with the â€Å"League† and helped move Britain towards facilitated commerce as I would like to think. I trust Robert Peel saw this force alongside the demolition the protectionism brought about by smothering rivalry and needed to act by canceling the Corn Law.

About the U.S. Department of State

About the U.S. Branch of State The United States Department of State likewise alluded to as â€Å"the State Department† or just â€Å"State,† is the official branch division of the United States national government essentially answerable for overseeing U.S. international strategy and talking with the President of the United States and Congress on worldwide political issues and arrangements. The statement of purpose of the State Department peruses: â€Å"To advance opportunity to serve the American individuals and the worldwide network by assisting with building and continue a progressively vote based, secure, and prosperous world made out of very much administered states that react to the requirements of their kin, lessen across the board neediness, and act mindfully inside the universal system.† The essential elements of the State Department include: Give assurance and help to U.S. residents voyaging or living abroad;Assist U.S. organizations and ventures working in the worldwide marketplace;Coordinate and offer help for universal exercises of different U.S. organizations, official visits abroad and at home, and other strategic efforts;Inform the general population about U.S. international strategy and relations with different nations and give criticism from the general population to organization authorities. Comparative the remote services in different countries, the State Department direct worldwide discretionary relations with respect to the United States by arranging arrangements and different concurrences with outside governments. The State Department likewise speaks to the United States in the United Nations. Made in 1789, the State Department was the principal official branch division set up after finalâ ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building in Washington, D.C., the State Department at present works 294 U.S. government offices around the globe and directs consistence of in excess of 200 universal settlements. As an office of the president’s Cabinet, the State Department is driven by the Secretary of State, as assigned by the president and affirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Secretary of State is second in the line of presidential progression after the Vice President of the United States. Notwithstanding helping with the global exercises of different U.S. government offices, the State Department offers numerous significant types of assistance to U.S. residents voyaging and living abroad and to remote residents attempting to visit or move to the United States. In maybe its most openly recognizable job the State Department issues U.S. Travel papers to U.S. residents permitting them to head out to and come back from remote nations and travel visas to U.S. residents and non-resident occupants. Also, the State Department’s Consular Information Program educates the American open regarding conditions abroad that may influence their wellbeing and security while voyaging abroad. Nation explicit travel data and worldwide Travel Alerts and Warnings are fundamental pieces of the program. The State Department likewise manages all U.S. outside guide and advancement projects, for example, the U.S. Organization for International Development (USAID) and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. All exercises of the State Department, including outside help programs, speaking to the U.S. abroad, countering worldwide wrongdoing and human dealing, and every single other assistance and projects are paid for through the remote issues segment of the yearly government financial plan as mentioned by the president and endorsed by Congress. By and large, the all out State Department use speaks to simply over 1% of the complete government financial plan, anticipated to exceedâ $4 trillion in 2017.â â Brief History of the State Department On July 27, 1789, President George Washington singled a bill passed by the House of Representatives and Senate on July 21, 1789, making the Department of Foreign Affairs as the primary government organization made under the new Constitution. A law instituted on September 15, 1789, changed the name of the office to the Department of State and appointed it oversight of an assortment of residential, as opposed to remote issues. For instance, the law made the Department of State liable for running the United States Mint and directing the decennial U.S. registration. During the nineteenth century, these and the greater part of the Department of State’s other local obligations were gone over to other government organizations and divisions. Designated by President Washington on September 29, 1789, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, at that point filling in as Minister to France turned into the main Secretary of State. Delegated before Washington had gotten down to business, John Jay had been serving in as Secretary of Foreign Affairs and kept on working as accepted Secretary of State until Jefferson came back from France a while later.

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions Research Paper

Private Institutions versus Open Institutions - Research Paper Example This report proclaims that human science of training helps in understanding the whole instruction framework, finding the qualities and shortcomings. So as to do legitimate detailing of rules and arranging of a practical framework to flawlessly suit man and society. Human science of training places the instructor in a superior situation of understanding social issues and their related issues comparable to the tutoring condition in this manner empowering the educator to relate ethically, morally and expertly. As it were, it gives the instructor inside and out comprehension of the understudy social foundation and socio-social arrangement, henceforth helping them to comprehend it better themselves. This paper talks about that instruction is a proper procedure through which society eagerly goes down aggregated traditions, qualities, abilities, and information from age to age. In light with this thought about instruction, there are numerous capacities associated with its need subsequently its center premise. A portion of the plot destinations of training along these lines incorporate advancement of significant worth and mentalities. The premise of any general public is slanted on its qualities whether social, social or political. These qualities go about as the columns on which the society’s soundness settles upon. For this incentive to be existent, it calls for individual/singular direction. Instruction through any of its institutional arrangements is detailed to make a situation equipped towards the accomplishment of social incorporation. People in school arrangements are drawn from various social foundations. All together for the school to work as a framework, it calls for shedding of oneself to take into account the incorporation of the â€Å"otherness†. By this, in this manner, we imply that a much as one will hold unto distinction, independence must be smothered if the school needs to work as a joint. The training, along these lines, is intended to impart interrelation capacity and encourage national solidarity, in spite of the current assorted variety among understudies as far as class, race and sexual orientation. One of the numerous targets of instruction is to encourage a country’s national turn of events and spread its monetary development. With the goal for this to be acknowledged, it follows that people should comprehend their commitment corresponding to their commitment to this objective. Instruction upgrades the accomplishment of this target through two significant ways: right off the bat, through training, on can know and comprehend the principle mainstays of financial turn of events. By so doing, the framework in this m anner encourages a person to deliberately, position oneself in completing this capacity. Also, training helps in getting down to business individuals to go about as apparatuses of improvement. This is to state that informed individuals see best about what to do, how to do it, where and when to play out the predefined obligations true to form

Startup Hubs Munich, Germany

Startup Hubs Munich, Germany A  study by Investitionsbank Berlin brings to light the surprising fact that Munich may be the tech startup hub of Germany instead of the more obvious Berlin. Though many disagree with this finding, it still makes Munich a city of interest as a startup hub. © Shutterstock.com | S-FIn our continuing investigation of startup hubs around the world, we will take a look at 1) the location, 2) the tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources 6) specialization of the area and 7) startups to watch in Munich.LOCATIONMunich is the third largest city in Germany. It is preceded by Berlin and Hamburg. The city with a population of close to 1.5 million is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria. It is located north of the Bavarian Alps along the bank of the River Isar. The extended Munich Metropolitan area has a population of nearly 5.8 million people.Geographical BenefitsThe city boasts a number of major universities as well as museums and theatres. It is also home to many architectural attractions and has played host to international sporting events, exhibitions and conferences. Another major attraction in the tourism sphere is Oktoberfest which attracts tourists from all over the world.The city is well connected nationally and internationally in terms of transport through a fast and reliable transport system. The city is one of the fastest growing in Germany and is a center for finance, publishing and advanced technologies. The city is popular with migrants and expatriates with a Mercer Livability ranking of number 4 in 2011 and 2012. It was also ranked number 15 all over the world for economic and social innovation. This assessment was out of 289 countries in 2010. The ranking was assigned in 2013 by 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index after an assessment on as many as 162 indicators.Advantages to Choosing Munich for your StartupIn 2014, the top technology hubs in Europe were ranked by strengths in development, networking and business among other categories in a report “Mapping the European ICT Poles of Excellence.” This report was released by the European Commission’s Joint Research Center. Through an assessment of different factors, the report puts Munich above the rest of Europe’s tech hubs.Elena, a blogger with experience in Silicon Valley, feels that the reason Munich is not widely mentioned among top tech cities in Europe as often as it should is because the relevant events in the city are very specialized and German focused. However, there is a lot of potential for business and relevance to these events. She mentions a few of these, though some may come as a surprise!Oktoberfest An unlikely contender in this list, the festival often serves as a key networking event for tech companies. Business development is the aim with clients entertained to secure their business and loyalty. Companies will pay a lot of money to ensure great tables for their clients. This helps entertain important contacts as well as to seal deals.Web Week This event takes place every year in June and is an important date in the tech and digital environment of the city. It has been around since 2012 and has grown in popularity with each year. During the 7 day event, companie s, professionals and tech bloggers come together for a series of networking and training events as well as presentations and other activities. The goal is to support the tech ecosystem in Munich and build strong relationships within the community.Specialized Conferences Most of the conferences are German focused and cater to a niche, but they remain extremely relevant. Some of these conferences include the wearable technologies conference, Sicherheit Expo (the world’s largest security event with a large section on IT security), MedienTage (focused on the media industry including the digital side), DLD (about digitalization), TDWI (Data Warehouse conference), WebTech (web design, HTML, Java etc), a key Java training event Java EE Summit, LOCA conference (Location Technologies), OOP (where software meets business) and Cloud Computing and Virtualization.TAX INCENTIVESOverall, Germany has a competitive taxation system for companies with the average tax burden on companies standing at only 30 percent. In some regions, this is even lower because of locally variable rate of trade tax. The specifics of tax incentives will obviously vary according to the type of business being set up and the exact location. A local tax professional will be able to help decode the German tax for a startup and allow the entrepreneur to make the best use of available tax incentives.The government is also working to encourage the growth of small businesses and entrepreneurs. In 2015, the Economic Minister pushed for expanded tax breaks for startups and helping them with an easier path to the stock market. There was an announcement by the minister earlier in the year to help encourage private-equity funds to invest in German startups.LEGAL INCENTIVESIt is relatively easy for an entrepreneur to establish a business in Germany. There are very few restrictions to starting a business and there is not much distinction between German nationals and foreigners when it comes to business. In additi on, there is no restriction on the repatriation of profits. This provides a vast and fairly level playing field for the ambitious entrepreneurs. Non-EU nationals will require a work visa or permit.A local lawyer can help decide the best way to set up a business, with options including limited liability companies, joint stock companies and different types of partnerships. A lawyer can also help navigate local hurdles, regulation and bureaucracy. Expats may need to prove that hiring non-Germans is a necessity and that no jobs are being taken away from Germans.INVESTORSThere are a number of investors around Germany who are willing to invest in the right startups. These investors are on the lookout for companies with great ideas, ambition and talent. One of those venture capitalists is  Wellington Partners.Two big German startup investors are based in Munich. These investors, Hubert Burda Media and Holtzbrinck, are spinoffs of publishing firms and fund both local and foreign entrepreneu rs.SPECIALIZATIONThe European Commission’s ICT Poles of Excellence Atlas monitors and ranks 34 areas of high energy across Europe. According to this commission, Munich is the strongest area in Europe for startups considering all aspects. The exceptional scores that led to this placement were in RD and Innovation.The area’s long history of excellence in automotive technology makes it an obvious contender for this position in ICT. The area needs further strengthening in the area of business and needs further development as a tech hub.LOCAL RESOURCESThe city has a number of local resources in its startup ecosystem that can help an entrepreneur get the right support and direction. These include:Coworking SpacesUnternehmer TUM: This is the Center for Innovation and Business Creation at the technical university and is home to a number of startups. It is also home to the Techfounders Accelerator Program, the initiative TechTalents and MakerSpace.ImpactHUB Munich: This organization offe rs desks and office space for a team depending on the needs of the startup. The space is designed neatly and organized to help creative minds find each other and work together.Werk1: This is an incubator and a coworking space that accommodates an eclectic mix of startups. The space also plays host for many events.Accelerators/IncubatorsTechFounders: This organization runs a 3-month accelerator program for tech startups. The company takes no equity and offers both a Euro 25,000 in cash and access to a huge network of partnerships with top companies.Wayra: This is Telefonica’s accelerator with an important presence in Munich. The office space is modern and sleek, located in the heart of the city and often used as a space to host relevant events. The accelerator focuses on digital entrepreneurship.Bavaria Israel Partnership Accelerator: A recent entrant into the Munich accelerator scene and the startup ecosystem, this program helps facilitate cooperation and exchange between startups and entrepreneurs in Munich and their Israeli counterparts.Top EntrepreneursA great way to get insight into the workings of any ecosystem is to have a conversation with those who are successfully navigating it themselves. Some Munich based entrepreneurs include:Felix Haas: Haas is the founder of Amiando, which was sold to Xing, a LinkedIn Competitor. He has been suppoting the development of an entrepreneurial network since the very beginning and has started many new ventures while remaining active as an angel investor.Jakob Assmann: Jakob is social entrepreneur and cofounder of Polarstern. The company is renewable energy provider with a 100 percent green energy. It also helps its customers bring green energy to third world countries.Sabrina Niederle: As executive director of ManageMore, an entrepreneurial education program for students, Niederle has helped groom many young people for a future in startups. She remains committed to this development and support of new talent and stude nt entrepreneurs.Events Meetup SpacesSome events and meetups can help entrepreneurs learn from each other’s experiences. These include:BitsPretzels: This three day founder’s festival takes place during Oktoberfest and is a great place to meet world famous entrepreneurs out of their normal milieu.Hack@Night: This is a monthly event which brings together hackers, techies, students and entrepreneurs and gives them a chances to work on a current project and see what others are doing. There’s free food!Inspire and Dine: Another monthly event, Inspire and Dine invites a few influential speakers to come and speak to an audience about their own experiences and learning.FuckUp Nights Munich: This is an interesting event where speakers come and share their experiences and lessons from unsuccessful entrepreneurship endeavors.STARTUPS TO WATCHThere are many startups in Munich that can be interesting to watch and learn from.Bragi: This is an in-ear wearable device that allows for wireless listening of music. It also tracks performance and analyzes vital stats. “The Dash” is a piece of impressive technology with a beautifyl design.Braufässchen: This company placed second at the nation-wide German founder competition and the word means a brew barrel. The product lets you brew your own beer and create a taste to your own liking.Freeletics: This is a popular fitness application that provides challenging workouts without any equipment.

Iago and Edmund The Silence and Complexity of Evil - Literature Essay Samples

In both the tragedies of King Lear and Othello, the plot is affected by one characters malicious actions, which exacerbate any tensions that are already inherent in the relationships between the characters. Iago in Othello and Edmund in King Lear both feel as though they have been passed over in favor of someone whom they see as less deserving, and so their actions are driven by bitter resentment. With similar motivations, the two men also use similar techniques in their attempts to gain power by earning the trust of the other characters and using that trust as a tool in their exploits. Once their treachery is revealed at the end of the respective plays, however, Iago and Edmund display vastly different reactions, which will be examined later. Shakespeares two villains demonstrate how evil exploits the weaknesses of human psychology, especially trust, and their actions sow seeds of destruction that inevitably result in death. Shakespeare also illustrates the different sources of evil as Iago and Edmund, after being unmasked, display two different reactions that reveal the complexities of motivated malignity. Iago and Edmund profess their desire for revenge and power in their initial speeches. In the opening scene of Othello, Iago explains to Roderigo that Cassio who, never set a squadron in the field, (Othello: I.i.22) was given the rank of Othellos lieutenant while Iago, who mentions his exploits at Rhodes and Cyprus, was given the meager position of Othellos ancient. From his first appearance, Iago has already established the fact that he feels cheated, which provides a motive for his insidious actions throughout the play. Roderigo understands Iagos being upset and states that if he were in the same position that he would not follow (Othello), (O: I.i.40) but Iago is more cunning than Roderigo and sees a chance to turn his position as ancient to his own advantage as he says, I follow him to serve my turn upon him, (O: I.i.42). As Othellos ancient, Iago can gain the mans trust, and if Othello believes in Iagos honesty, then the villains deceit can be all the more devastating. Iago comes right out and reveals the facade that he will hide behind for the rest of the play, I am not what I am, (O: I2Ei.65). Edmund indicates his intention to follow a path similar to Iagos in his first speech. After being insulted by his father in the first scene of the play, Edmunds precarious social standing as a bastard son is made evident, and the idea that he is not legitimate torments the young man. As he considers the social stigma associated with bastard children, Edmund loses control of his speech for a moment as he reiterates the first syllable of the ominous word, Why brand they us/ With base? with baseness? bastardy? base, base? (Lear: I.ii.10). While Iagos resentment stems from his lack of military promotion, Edmunds bitterness runs much deeper, because it is the product of his birth and social law. Edmund therefore decides that if society is against him, then he will obey the more fundamental laws of nature as he tells the abstract mother, to thy law/ My services are bound, (L: I.ii.2). It is from this standpoint that Edmund launches his malicious campaign to pit his father against his legitimate brother Edgar. The episode following Edmunds speech in Act I, Scene ii parallels almost directly the beginning of Act III, Scene iii in Othello. In Edmunds case, the object of importance is the concocted letter that implicates Edgar in a plot to kill his father, whereas the point of interest in Iagos case is Cassios hasty parting from Desdemona. Both antagonists manipulate their situations in a similar manner. Edmund quickly pockets the letter in plain view of his father, while Iago calls Othellos attention to Cassio indirectly, Hah? I like not that, (O: III.iii.34). When questioned as to the contents of the letter, Edmund simply states, Nothing, my lord, (L: I.ii.31) just as Iago responds to Othellos questioning with the same response, Nothing, my lord, (O: III.iii.36). These two men are smart enough to know that by trying to dismiss the respective inquiries they only peak the interest of their intended victim. Edmund and Iago are simply manipulating basic human curiosity while feigning disinteres t. Another parallel in the beginnings of their psychological manipulation lies in the fact that they claim to not want to implicate Cassio and Edgar. When Othello tells Iago to recount what happened between Cassio and Roderigo, Iago poses as the Lieutenants friend as he says, I had rather had this tongue cut from my mouth/ Than it should do offense to Michael Cassio, (O: II.iii.221). Edmund uses a similar ploy when Gloucester asks about the rebellious letter, You know the character to be your brothers? and he replies, If the matter were good my lord, I durst say it were his; but in respect of that, I would fain think it were not I hope his heart is not in the contents, (L: I.ii.62-68). By acting as reluctant accusers, Edmund and Iago add layers to their masks of honest morality, which they use as effective weapons. Othello sees Honest Iago as a loyal servant who is reluctant to denigrate his close associates, and Gloucester sees Edmund as a pious son who wishes to protect his fathers sa fety but also does not have a vindictive desire to implicate his brother. Behind a moral facade, Iago and Edmund take advantage of the trust that others place in them. Shakespeares characterizations of Othello and Desdemona reveal them as being two honest individuals who share a mutual sense of compassion. Iagos keen mind perceives the natural morality of the two and exploits it as a weakness. In telling Cassio to plead to Desdemona for Othellos mercy, Iago is actually giving the Lieutenant good advice, because Desdemona is sympathetic and has influence over her husband, but the villain maliciously manipulates the situation, When devils will the blackest sins put on, They do suggest at first with heavenly shows, As I do now; for while this honest fool Plies Desdemona to repair his fortune So will I turn her virtue into pitch. (O: II.iii.351-360) Shakespeare also sets up Edgar and Gloucester as honorable characters. Gloucesters only indiscretion is his callous treatment of Edmund when he speaks to Kent in the first scene of the play, but he proves himself later with his steadfast support of Lear. Edmund is just as perceptive as Iago and is all too ready to exploit a human weakness when he sees it. After playing off of Edgars trust in his fraternal loyalty, Edmund privately reflects on his real intentions, A credulous father and a brother noble, Whose nature is so far from doing harms That he suspects none; on whose foolish honesty My practices ride easy. (L: I.ii.179-182) Having already established themselves as innocent bystanders who are merely revealing the truth, Iago and Edmund use their facade of honesty to exploit the trust that others place in them. Both men have an uncanny knack for manipulating others, and they are both able to incite violence in their victims. Aside from ultimately driving Othello to violence, Iago is also able to goad Roderigo into a fight with Cassio. Similarly, Edmund sparks his fathers wrath against Edgar as well as convincing Edgar to draw his sword in a mock fraternal duel in the first scene of Act II. While the malignity of these two men follows the same path through the majority of their respective plays, their very different personalities are revealed once their treachery is unveiled. As soon as Iagos scheme is brought to light by Emilias testimony, he immediately turns to violence as he first makes an attempt at killing his wife and then commits the murder. Iago shows absolutely no remorse for his malicious actions that resulted in at least five unnecessary deaths as his only response to Othellos questioning his motives is Demand me nothing; what you know, you know: From this time forth I never will speak word, (O: V.ii.302). This callous response in the face of tragedy is what has earned Iago the concept of motiveless malignity, but his motives have already been revealed at the beginning of the play. Iago is a hateful man, because he unconsciously questions his own worth after being passed over for promotion and having to serve under a person whom he considers to be inherently inferior. While his reasoning is irrational and immoral, it is not motiveless. Shakespeare has presented in the character of Iago a type of malignant person whose motives lie in what is es sentially non-intellectual (Iago has a very sharp wit) ignorance as he is entirely conscienceless and cares for no one but himself. Edmund is another face of malignity that is more difficult to decipher. After Edgar defeats Edmund in their final duel, Albany questions Goneril as to whether or not she knew of his deceit that is outlined in Edgars letter. Goneril gives the Iago answer, Ask me not what I know, (L: V.iii.162) but Edmund proves himself to be a more honorable man than Iago as he willingly confesses to the accusations as well as what he has not yet been accused of, What you have charged me with, that I have done,/ And more, much more, the time will bring it out, (L: V.iii.164). Even though Edmunds actions throughout the play have been morally reprehensible, he demonstrates at the end that he does have a conscience and is able to consider others when he is not blinded by his own lust for power. Although his change of heart comes too late, Edmund is so moved by the tragedy that surrounds him that he reneges on his orders to have Lear and Cordelia executed, I pant for life. Some good I mean to do,/ Despite of mine own nature, (L: V.iii.244). His mention of his own nature leads to the question of Edmunds motivations. It would be easy to simply say that Edmund was a victim of circumstance, who was plagued by the fact that he was born into a negative social stigma, which bred resentment within him, but that is only part of the answer. The notion of his inevitable bitterness runs contrary to Edmunds own examination of himself earlier in the play. Edmund harbors resentment for the stigma of his birthright, but he takes responsibility for his own actions and believes that others should as well, when we are sick in fortune- often the surfeits of our own behavior- we make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, the stars, as if we were villains on necessity, fools by heavenly compulsionFut, I should have been that I am, had the maidenlest star in the firmament twinkled on my bastardizing. (L: I.ii.119-133) With Edmund then, Shakespeare has created a character whose actions are as deplorable as Iagos, but who is capable of remorse and has a sense of responsibility. Iago remains hateful and silent, while Edmund seeks forgiveness. Although motivated by a sense of resentment and bitterness similar to Iagos, when faced with the tragic consequences of his actions, Edmund sees the error of his ways, albeit too late to save Lear and Cordelia. Malignance and malicious intent has always been a presence in human interactions, but it can manifest itself in many forms. As many of Shakespeares works do, Othello and King Lear explore the human experience and delve deeply into the darker side of human nature. By placing the two antagonists Iago and Edmund side by side, Shakespeare presents what are essentially the two sides of evil. One is almost entirely inhuman and monstrous with no explanation for itself, while the other is equally destructive, but is capable of empathy once confronted with the results of its destructive behavior. Taken on its own, Othello provides a grim picture of human relations, but the final scene of Lear provides a balance to despair. Edmunds malicious actions inevitably resulted in tragedy, but the fact that he remained alive and demonstrated genuine remorse provides a small ray of hope in King Lears bleak kingdom. Evil is ubiquitous and relentless, but it does not always maintain a tone of finality.